The Role Of Motherhood In Infant Joy By William Blake

The role of mothers and their sacrifice has been a valued part of society for millennia. Although women now hold a much more advantageous place in society as members of the workforce, women are still encouraged to pursue more domestic goals as wives and mothers as well. It would be difficult to find an unmarried middle-aged woman who hasn’t been asked when she will finally snag a husband or a young couple that hasn’t fended off nosey relatives wondering when they’ll decide to expand their family. However, while society views child birth and motherhood as one of the greatest miracles of life, this sentimental perception has been challenged by many women and writers throughout history, including William Blake. Throughout his works Blake†¦show more content†¦The mother responds with equal happiness, calling her baby â€Å"Pretty Joy† and â€Å"Sweet Joy† and crying â€Å"Sweet Joy befall thee!† (Blake, 26). However, while the mother and child in the poem both appear deeply bonded by their overwhelming happiness, the conversation between the mother and her child can also be read as a more controlling and forceful interaction. At first it appears that the mother and the child in the poem are conversing back and forth, but it is more likely that the mother is actually speaking for the child and imagines a back and forth conversation in her mind. When read this way, the baby has no agency in deciding their name and is unable to describe his or her true emotions to the mother. It could be that the child isn’t happy at all but is feeling tired, grumpy, or hungry instead, and by speaking for her child the mother imposes happiness on her child rather than simply blessing it with more joy. In fact, the mother seems much more enamored with the idea of joy than with the baby’s true emotions when she exclaims, â€Å"Sweet joy befall thee! / Pretty joy! /Sweet joy but two days old, / Sweet joy I call thee; / Tho u dost smile. / I sing the while/ Sweet joy befall thee† (Blake 26). The word â€Å"joy† appears on almost every line of the stanza and the baby’s voice drops out of the poemShow MoreRelated A Lacanian Study of Motherhood in the Poems of William Wordsworth1990 Words   |  8 Pages William Wordsworth was a prolific poet of the Romantic movement, perhaps best known for publishing Lyrical Ballads with friend and fellow poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1798. These poems were written in what Wordsworth described as a ‘common tongue’ with a focus on themes often found in Romantic poetry, such as the pastoral, the mythical, fragmentation, heroism and satire. In Lyrical Ballads one recurring subject almost unique to Wordsworth in its passion and persistence is that of motherhood

Analysis of the Opening Chapter of Pride and Prejudice...

Analysis of the Opening Chapter of Pride and Prejudice The opening sentence of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ tells is the main theme of the entire novel, marriage. ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’ The novel is based upon the theme of marriage, finding a potential husband who has ‘sufficient funds’. Jane, Elizabeth, Lydia, Kitty and Mary all wish to find themselves husbands so that they can be married off to a man who has a large annual wage and also a large inheritance. In the days of when ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was set (in the 1800s), inheritance and yearly wage were very important factors which women looked for†¦show more content†¦So therefore, he would not wish to marry any of the Bennet sisters. The second sentence of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ also follows on with the theme of marriage and finding a suitable husband. ‘However little known the feelings or views of such a man maybe on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.’ This quotation explains to us that the women do not need to know how these men feel or their thoughts. Even if he has just entered the village they (villagers) are all just thinking whether or not he would make a good future husband depending on his wealth and size of his estate. The women did not really care about their husbands, but as long as they provided them with financial security, the wives were happy. Any man could be thought of as a marriage possibility, so this is why this is such a main, important theme for the book. In the novel , the Bennet sisters need to gain financial status through marriage, but Elizabeth does not want to marry for these reasons. Their culture was to be married, but you could either marry for the reasons above, or like Lizzy you could marry for love, which was very rare during this period of time. ‘Pride and Prejudice’ follows the story of the Bennet sisters trying to find love andShow MoreRelatedEssay on JANE AUSTEN: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE1094 Words   |  5 PagesJANE AUSTEN: PRIDE AND PREJUDICE A Critical Analysis The opening chapter of the novel gives us a brief introduction to the lives of the Bennets. Mrs Bennet’s sole purpose in life is to marry of her daughters to wealthy young men. It begins with Mr and Mrs Bennet having a conversation about marrying of their daughters as soon as possible. Mrs Bennet tells her husband about a young man who has taken possession of Netherfield and about how they should make it a point to visit him and introduceRead MoreA Short Summary and Analysis About the Book ‘’ Pride and Prejudice’’1448 Words   |  6 PagesMazhenov Dauren Student ID: 20123464 Undergraduate Foundation English 5/ ENG0005 07/11/2012 A Short Summary And Analysis Of The Book ‘’ Pride and Prejudice’’ By Jane Austen BACKGROUND INFORMATION - BIOGRAPHY Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire in southern England, where her father was a minister. She was the sixth child in a family of seven children. The family was very close, and Jane had a particular closeness to her sister Cassandra. Although she attended boardingRead MorePride and Prejudice and A Midsummer Nights Dream1851 Words   |  8 Pagesnever did run smooth.† -William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Nights Dream ‘Pride and Prejudice first appeared between 1796 and 1797 under the title, ‘First Impressions. At first, the novel was written anonymously; however, after Jane Austens death, the novel became publicly known to people. The novel itself is a comedy of manners set in a quiet and charming rural England, between 1796 and 1813; to be exact, Pride and Prejudice is set amidst Napoleonic Wars, dating from 1797 up to 1815. In AustensRead MoreI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou6502 Words   |  27 PagesAnalysis: Chapters 1–5 The lines from the poem Maya cannot finish, â€Å"What are you looking at me for? I didn’t come to stay . . .† capture two of the most significant issues she struggles with in her childhood and young adulthood: feeling ugly and awkward and never feeling attached to one place. First, Maya imagines that though people judge her unfairly by her awkward looks, they will be surprised one day when her true self emerges. At the time, she hopes that she will emerge as if in a fairy-taleRead MoreAnalysis Of Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice 2405 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 2 Elizabeth Bennet - Analysis â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† This opening sentence from Pride and Prejudice reflects the ideals of the age when it was written. Jane Austen wrote about the societal norms and the mindset of the general public through the medium of a family with five daughters, the Bennets. Elizabeth Bennet, the second of the daughters is the one who is different, and the protagonist ofRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 PagesPritchetts is a war-novelist, formed very much by the Napoleonic wars, knowing of prize money, the shortage of men, the economic crisis and directly change in the value of capital.3 Pritchetts contention might be illustrated by a general analysis of the inMansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion, works social world described in the second decade of the nineteenth which were written century and remark to her brother about the little bit (two Inches wide) famous *See Jane Austens and the correspondenceRead MoreJane Austen’s Novels and the Contemporary Social and Literary Conventions.12979 Words   |  52 PagesHer Novels in relation to the Contemporary Literature. 15 3.1. Austen’s Criticism about the Contemporary Fiction. 15 3.2. Jane Austen as a Conservative Writer and as a Social Critic. 16 3.3. Austen’s writing in her own perception. 17 4. Pride and Prejudice. 20 4.1. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy – the Reversed Ideals. 20 22 5. Emma 23 5.1. Emma the heroine. 23 5.2. Men of sense and silly wives 26 5.3. Emma as the unusual learning. 28 Conclusions 30 Bibliography: 31 Introduction Read MoreImpact of Promotional Strategies on Consumer Buying Behaviors: a Case of Hollister Co18263 Words   |  74 Pagesstrategy on consumer buying behaviour, using case of Hollister. In the first chapter of this research, the researcher illustrated the aim and objective of the research, significant of the study and background of the company. As the topic includes two parts: promotional strategy and consumer buying behaviour, the researcher has reviewed the related theory and model on promotional strategy and consumer buying behaviour in chapter two. In addition, to make clear sense to the reader, the researcher discussedRead MoreTurkey Accession to EU3740 Words   |  15 Pagesaccession will not be able to be managed in a way similar to other enlargements. Critics of Turkish accession also contend that Turkey is too big, too poor, with too dangerous borders and insufficiently ‘European to join the Union (Hughes 1). An analysis of the historical context, along with the arguments for and against Turkish membership in the EU, is essential to identifying the possible political and economic implications of Turkish accession to the EU for the Union itself. History of TurkeyRead MoreHhs 201 Discussions Essay4175 Words   |  17 Pagesbarrier. This can include language barriers or building maintenance. It can include opening a halfway house that is acceptable to the community and within public transportation boundaries. Another barrier is the high cost of services such as one cannot afford a nursing home. Or you make $3.00 to much to get help with food. These barriers exist because we feel that embarrassment when we need help, because of our pride. We should be able to take care of ourselves. Barriers exist because we have no knowledge

Organizational Report Dominos Pizza Enterprises Limited

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Report for Dominos Pizza Enterprises Limited. Answer: Introduction To enhance a strong business emergence, an organization ought to identify and establish effective strategies that enable it to curve a niche over other competitors in the ever active corporate arena. Such approaches may involve improvement of resource management, updating infrastructure and harnessing the technological advancements to improve communication and output. The key contextual factors necessary for consideration include governance, innovation and entrepreneurship as well as knowledge management and e-commerce (Broadbent, 997). This report examines the issues of Dominos Pizza Enterprises limited before using knowledge management and e-commerce to recommend the viable solutions. Issues of Dominos Pizza Enterprises Limited A study of the organization indicated that Dominos is faced by a number of external forces which include political, social, economic and environmental issues. Since the market base covers several countries with varying trends, some of the government policies have affected Dominos over the years. As one moves from one country to another, the policies on international trade, market prices and government requirements keep changing. This affects Dominos since it is an international organization. Secondly, there is change in economic, social and cultural trends within the market. Different societies are characterized by different cultures, socio-economic activities as well as tastes and preferences. This has made it quite a challenge for Dominos to identify a standard procedure to meet the varying customer needs. The study also reveals that the aspect of pollution, changing rates in taxation and business employment are other issues affecting Dominos. The company works on priority while doing deliveries hence less space for customers. Additionally, the human resource comprises a number of less skilled workers. Lastly, Dominos faces a lot of competition from other product producers. The aspect of competition remains one of the organizations greatest strength. According to Rigby (2014), the nature of a business environment affects its operation and success in one way or the other. With such a dynamic business environment and a possible occurrence of firm risks, it would be prudent for Dominos to implement efficient strategies as solutions to these problems. This can be achieved through effective implementation of management tools and a careful consideration to various business contextual factors. Discussion and Recommendations With reference to the issues highlighted above, the report uses the concept of knowledge management and e-Commerce to recommend possible solutions. Grey (1996) defines knowledge management as an integrated and collaborative process through which the intellectual assets of an organization are created, accessed, captured and used. Brooking (1999), notes that one of the core functions of knowledge management is to ensure that this asset is not only guarded but also enhanced through growth and continuous use. De Brun (2005) classifies knowledge into two types namely the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is the knowledge that individuals have in their heads and is basically inborn and mostly unspoken while explicit knowledge is the knowledge that can be accessed and put down in written forms and databases (Davenport Prusak, 1998). Through appropriate knowledge management strategies, Dominos can solve the issue of low skill levels among the workers. The company can plan for exhibitions in which the specialists showcase their skills through practical demonstrations in their areas of expertise. The practical exhibition of skills would provide an interactive platform through which the less exposed employees can learn and gain from the more experienced ones (Dalkir, 2011). The employees are then given an opportunity to demonstrate the gained skills under further instructions and guidance from the specialists. Dissemination and distribution of explicit knowledge is relatively easier because it can be captured and put down in written form (De Brun, 2005). The organization can manage explicit knowledge through instruction manuals, research findings; periodical reports on lessons learned as well as best practices. Using this forum, the workers can be sensitized on the need for environmental conservation as well as good customer relations. This would not only encourage good business-client relationships but also solve the aspect of pollution which at times puts Dominos in bad stead with the society. Knowledge management therefore improves awareness, individual performance and the general output of the company. A careful consideration of this aspect would go a long way in helping the organization to minimize the firm risks associated with the issues mentioned. Rigby (2014) defines e-Commerce as the process through which transactions between a supplier and a client are done via online platforms. However, the concept of e-Commerce has continuously expanded and currently covers a wide range of business interactions not necessarily tied on supplier-client transactions (Ruggles Holtshouse, 1999). One Common form of e-Commerce is business-consumer transactions. Dominos can use this platform to capture client feedbacks and views. Additionally, the interactions with the client would enable the organization to monitor the changing trends in tastes and preferences, socio-economic, cultural and political variations. The company can then use these feedbacks to implement the right adjustments and hence remain relevant within the market. One way of achieving this is by ensuring that the company website is user friendly and filled with constructive information about the company. The online platform also ought to be easily accessible and highly interacti ve as this would increase and improve activity. Consequently, the Domizo Pizza Enterprises Limited might need to consistently update their website and e-Commerce platforms to enhance its effectiveness (Nonaka Takeuchi, 1995). With the emergence of computers, the online media and other IT devices, Dominos has, at their disposal, a faster and more efficient way of reaching their clients. The company can harness this opportunity to ensure the stability of the market base. With effective online interactions, the organization is able to maintain a firm grip of the clientele which in turn ensures a stable market (Davenport Dych, 2013). Conclusion With the ever dynamic corporate arena and changing trends in market situations, there is an evitable need for companies to remain relevant among their clients. Dominos can harness the resources at their disposal to enhance performance. Knowledge as an intellectual asset is a crucial resource which can shift an organization to higher levels. Technological advancements have made e-Commerce an affordable and faster option for transactions. These factors are pivotal elements which can be useful for organizational empowerment. References Broadbent, M. (1997). The Emerging Phenomenon of Knowledge Management. Australian Library Journal, 46(1), 624. Brooking, A. (1999). Corporate Memory: Strategies for Knowledge Management. International Thomson Business Press, London. Dalkir, K. (2011). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice, 2nd Edn. Boston, MA: The MIT Press. Davenport, T.H. Dych, J. (2013). Big Data in Big Companies, International Institute for Analytics website at https://www.sas.com/resources/asset/Big-Data-in-Big- Companies.pdf accessed 18 January 2017. Davenport, T.H., Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. De Brun, C. (2005). The ABC of Knowledge Management. NHS National Library for Health: Knowledge Management Specialist Library located at https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/docs/ABC_of_KM.pdf accessed 19 January 2017. Ecommerce Europe. (2016). Cross Border e-Commerce Barometer at Ecommerce Europe website at www.ecommerce-europe.eu/.../research-report-cross-border-e-commerce- barometer-2 accessed 19 January 2017. IdeasProject. (2010). How Knowledge Management Is Moving Away from the Repository as Goal. hbr.org website at https://hbr.org/2010/07/how-knowledge-management-is-mo.html accessed 19 January 2017. Nonaka, I., Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Pfeiffer, J., Sutton, R. (1999). The Knowing-doing Gap: How Smart Companies turn Knowledge into Action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Rigby, D.K. (2014). E-Commerce is not eating retail, hbr.org website at https://hbr.org/2014/08/e-commerce-is-not-eating-retail accessed 19 January 2017. Ruggles, R., Holtshouse, D. (1999). The Knowledge Advantage. Dover, NH: Capstone Publishers,

Napster Essays (732 words) - Metallica, File Sharing Networks

Napster Napster is an on-line Internet site, which holds account for the swapping of music files from one user to another. A person downloads music onto his or her computer and whoever enters the Napster website can copy the music onto a disk for their own listening enjoyment. This sounds quite simple, doesnt it? Well, according to music artists such as Metallica and Dr. Dre and also the RIAA, Recording Industry Association of America, it is contributing to massive levels of copyright infringement with its service (Borland). However, most people believe that it is a legal business that is linked with the First Amendment and fair use principles where consumers have the right to record for noncommercial purposes (Snider). Many people believe that Napster should not be eliminated in that it allows for free entertainment, offers a wide variety of both new and old music, and is simply an improvement on the technology of our country. Numerous college students spend their funds on things like tuition, books, car payments, utility bills and apartment rent. Most of the time they have no money left over to spend leisurely, so how are they supposed to afford buying CDs, especially in such a high-priced world? Napster provides an excellent alternative to getting the music one wants without having to purchase an over-priced CD which probably only contains two or three songs that are recognizable and enjoyable. Also, most songs cannot even be found on compact discs or cassette tapes such as songs that have been remixed to provide a dancing beat for nightclubs. With Napster all of these things are accessible. Secondly, Napster provides not only new music, but old music as well, such as music from the 70s and 80s and even earlier. Those songs, which may before have been found on A-tracks, can now be found and copied onto a CD, and sound just as pleasant as the original. There are many different varieties of music to choose from, states Elizabeth Baumy, and LSU student who has reaped the benefits of Napster. She also claims that it has music that suits everyones tastes. This vast array of selections provides for the increasing popularity of the site and its 32 million users (Konrad). College students love that they can record songs such as rap and techno music and incorporate them all into one CD. This could not be done before. Not only does Napster provide many choices of free music, but it is also contributing to the development of new technology in our world. The Consumer Electronics Association, or CEA, states, Napster would establish a damaging precedent that could threaten other technologies that give individuals new control over the information they find, save, and transmit over the Internet. (qtd. in Snider). Technology has been increasing dramatically since the beginning of time. For example, the movie industry feared the VCR, but the idea of recording movies that were in fact copyrighted became legal. Other examples would be the record industry vs. cassette tape and newspapers vs. television (Page). Nevertheless, the courts and society accepted these new forms of technology and they are now a part of our everyday lives. So, should Napster be banned, or remain functioning? This answer is held in the eye of the law. Even if Napster is taken away, many other sites have been developed to distribute music to users (Borland). Then what? Will the courts spend enormous amounts of time chasing these other companies and shutting them down? They do not have the strength or the time. Napster is not hurting anybody. In fact, it has actually helped CD sales increase (Page). People are finding out about songs they didnt even know existed and are rushing to stores to buy the music. Thus, Napster is not hurting anyone, not even the record companies. It should be allowed to stay in business and just might even prevail this time, but one can only patiently wait and see. Bibliography Works Cited Borland, John. Online music-traders consider Napster alternatives. CNET News. (3 Oct. 2000). Konrad, Rachel. Napster among fastest-growing Net technologies. CNET News. (5 Oct. 2000) Page, Clarence. Record industry should enlist, not oppose Napster. Los Angeles Daily News 8 Oct. 2000 Snider, Mike. Napster supporters rebuke ruling. USA Today Sep. 2000 Music

Why The North Won The Civil War Essays - American Civil War

Why The North Won The Civil War You Are Bound to Fail. Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail (Catton, Glory Road 241) The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the burgeoning superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry. From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, boasting

Evaluate the impact of the New Deal on women, blacks, and In essays

Evaluate the impact of the New Deal on women, blacks, and In essays The New Deal changed the lives of many United States citizens during the course of history. The people that it mainly impacted were women, blacks, and Indians. These groups developed what seemed like centuries worth of work for regular white men over these few years. Influential people emerged that would have otherwise remained in the shadows. Women were continually seeing new rights pop up, but few women were taken the provided chance to grasp them. First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt was one of the many women to take a stand during this time. Along with Molly Dewson they developed a group of women called The Network in order to place reform-minded women into cabinet and government jobs, expressing all of their rights as United States citizens. Frances Perkins became the first women elected to a Cabinet post as Secretary of Labor and encouraged other women to aspire to be like herself. Eleanor Roosevelt also helped encourage people by creating a daily newspaper article which she named My Day, which also showed women that making a difference, for example she was interested in civil rights, was worth it. She was willing to stick up for what she believed in, quitting the Daughters of the American Revolution, also known as DAR, to allow an African American women to sing in public. (Blacks) African Americans politically became Democratic, and began to leave the Republican party that only a few years earlier helped to relieve them from their horrible state of slavery. They were excluded from acts such as the National Recovery Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority, and some segregation began to increase. The blacks on average made half as much with unemployment rates that double that of whites. Many blacks believed that the small piece that they were getting was worth it. They had many new programs created to aide in their education and training for occupations, giving...

Reflective Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Reflective Paper - Essay Example lves the ability of the management to oversee the culture and organizational leadership of the institution, and ensure that the institution complies with the labor and employment laws of a given state. This paper is a reflection of my studies on human resource management. This paper takes a stand that human resource management is an important process that helps in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of an organizations work force. In addressing the objectives of this paper, this reflection will identify the main issue in this field of HR, and thereafter demonstrate the learning that has taken place. This paper will also contain the various incidents that facilitate my processing of learning and understanding of these issues, and it will thereafter identify the future and current implications of the practice of HR in an organization. It also contains a reflection on how skills gained from this class will have an impact on my future career plans. One of the major issues learnt in this class is on the roles of the human resource management in the recruitment, planning, and selection process of the employees of an organization. The human resource department is responsible for recruiting new employees of an organization. From this class, it was in my understanding that the department of human resource management identifies the various skills needed by an organization, after which it develops a plan on how to fill in the skills that the organization does not have. It is important to denote that the major skills and knowledge leant from this section is the process of recruiting and selecting new employees within an organization. From this class, it came to my knowledge that different organizations have different methods of recruiting new employees, and this depends on the size and structure of the organization under consideration. However, there are major elements of the recruitment process that are universal to all organizations, and this includes, profiling

International Differences Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Differences - Term Paper Example This means that without a careful coordinated operation especially in airports it will not be possible to achieve key objectives of the industry. Safety issue being a major concern of various stakeholders the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and its key industry partners had to come together at the initial Global Runway Safety Symposium (GRSS). The main agenda of this strategic meeting was to put in place measures that would ensure that the runway related accidents are put to a halt. At least four hundred and twenty participants from various member states as well as other from the different international aviation organizations were in attendance at the event. A number of recommendations were made with respect runway safety. Key among them includes a combined recognition of the need to come up with a specialized Runway Safety Teams. The need to synchronize key definitions, taxonomies, and safety indicators used in the runway safety was imminent in this meeting. There was also a need to standardize and enhance communication measures not only within the runways but also around the runways. Runways are no doubt an important component of an airport without which no essential aviation operations can take place (Richard de Neufville & Odoni, 2003). A number of aviation standards touch on the safety of the air and runways being such a vital element of the aviation it must always be put under check to ensure that unfortunate events do not happen on the runway at all cost. This need can be justified by the fact that ICAO has held a wide range meetings with various stakeholders aimed at promoting a safe runway. Runway operations has on a number of occasions been accountable for majority the aviation accidents and fatalities just a single source. For instance, in the last five years, of all the accidents reported to the ICAO one third of the case have been directly associated with runway

See the order instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

See the order instructions - Essay Example The overall gothic theme as presented in the movie is about a women Emily who receives a great deal of fortune as her father dies. Emily did not have the right to select the husband for herself because she was wealthy and needed to marry someone who is worth it. As a result, she murders the man she loved and ultimately presents a gothic element (Danticat). Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates is binded by the suspence through myster as a gothic element. This is prevalent throughout the story leaving the readers as astonished. Finally, New York Day Woman? by Edwidge Danticat is amazingly written gothic story which is not just limited to suspense and mystery but it includes horrific species through realism as a pattern (Danticat). The common factors among all these three chosen texts for the paper were the degree of intensity of mystery, suspense and growth of the character as a complex one. The elements have rather been chosen to help the readers to enjoy the gothic genre of

Optimization and Production of Siderophore

Optimization and Production of Siderophore Production and optimization of siderophore from plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Abstract The aim of this study was to optimize the production of siderophores by bacterial strains isolated from rhizosphere soil. Chrome azurol sulphonate assay confirms siderophore production by all 30 bacterial isolates. Maximum siderophore production was observed with strains S-6 and S-26 on standard succinic acid medium. Siderophore production was found to be influenced by different carbon, nitrogen and amino acid sources. Optimization of SM medium nutrient composition enhances siderophore production. The pot culture experiment clearly demonstrate the beneficial effect of strain S-6 and S-26 with significance increase in biometric parameters of soybean. Effect of rhizospheric bacterial isolates (S-6, S-26) on siderophore production was estimated by detecting the iron in soil as well as plant by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The iron concentration of soil was decreased after treatment from 38.32 ppm to 26.66 ppm and the iron concentration of plant was increased from 10.18 ppm to 36.05 ppm after treatment with S-6. Key words: Siderophore, Optimization, PGPR Introduction Iron plays a key role in electron transport, oxidation–reduction reactions, detoxification of oxygen radicals, synthesis of DNA precursors and in many other biochemical processes [1]. Being a transition element, iron gets rapidly oxidized from soluble ferrous (Fe2+) to insoluble ferric (Fe3+) state. In order to facilitate iron(III) acquisition, plants and microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, produce and excrete strong iron(III) chelators, i.e., siderophores [2]. Siderophores (Greek: iron carrier) are small, high-affinity iron chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and grasses [3]. Microbes release siderophores to scavenge iron from these mineral phases by formation of soluble Fe3+ complexes that can be taken up by active transport mechanisms. Many siderophores are non-ribosomal peptides [3], although several are biosynthesised independently heterologous siderophores or its producer organism may bring about various responses in other targe t bacterial species that are present within the same niche. Growth of some species may be inhibited and this has been attributed to be one of the mechanisms by which biocontrol agents’ act in inhibiting the growth of pathogens in the rhizosphere [4]. PGPR produces extracellular siderophores (microbial iron transport agents) which efficiently complex environmental iron, making it less available to certain native microflora. Siderophore production by PGPR is influenced by source of C, N and minerals found. Plant growth benefits resulting from PGPR application include increases in germination rate, root and shoot weight, lateral root growth, leaf surface area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, and yield. In general, yield can be enhanced up to 10% for cereal crops and 15 to 50% for different vegetable crops with PGPR applications [5]. Ability to produce siderophores by an organism under iron limiting conditions can promote plant growth by directly supplying iron for plant u tilization and by removing iron from the environment for the growth of phytopathogens thereby reducing their competitiveness [6]. Materials and Methods Thirty isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soil of agricultural fields located in semi arid regions of India. Selected isolates were identified based on the biochemical analyses. Further 16S rRNA gene sequencing was carried out for identification of bacterial isolates. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was attempted by PCR using 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was submitted to NCBI and compared with related gene sequences. Selected sequences were aligned in Bio-Edit. Phylogeny was examined by neighbour-joining dendrogram using MEGA software. Screening for siderophore production For siderophore production, isolates were screened on iron depleted succinic acid medium. After incubation, the cell free supernatant (10,000 rpm for 15 min) was examined for siderophore production by FeCl3 test and CAS agar plate method. Nature of siderophore produced by the isolates was ascertained by Arnow’s [7], Csaky’s [8] and Shenker’s [9] assay. The amount of siderophore in the culture supernatant was quantified by Chrome azurol sulphonate (CAS) shuttle assay. Various physico-chemicals parameters were optimized for siderophore production [10]. Effect of Incubation time on siderophore production The selected isolates showing high siderophore production were inoculated in this SM broth and the flask was then incubated on shaker at 150 rpm Production of siderophore was estimated at regular time interval [11]. Effect of pH on siderophore production The effect of pH 4.0 to 10.0 on siderophore productions was studied in succinic acid medium by adjusting the pH before inoculating the strain with 1N HCl and 1N NaOH and keeping all other condition constant. Sample were harvested at 24 h, each set was subjected to siderophore quantification [12]. Effect of inoculum size on siderophore production To study the effect of inoculum size on siderophore production was studied in succinic acid medium by inoculating the strain S-6, S-26 with 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2 %. The production flasks were then incubated on shaker at 150 rpm, and maximum siderophore production was checked by harvesting the sample at 24 h [13]. Effect of different sugars on siderophore production To study the effect of different sugar on siderophore production was studied in succinic acid medium which was individually supplement with different sugar such as glucose (1gm/l), glycerol (1gm/l), sucrose (1gm/l), dextrose (1gm/l), mannitol (1gm/l), and keeping all other condition constant. Sample were harvested at 24 h, each set was subjected to siderophore quantification [14]. Effect of different organic acids on siderophore production To study the effect of different organic acids on siderophore production was studied in succinic acid medium which was individually supplement with different organic acid such as succinic acid (4 gm/l), oxalic acid (4 gm/l), malic acid (4 gm/l), citric acid (4 gm/l). Each set was separately inoculated with strain S-6 and S-26, incubated on shaker at 150 rpm for 24 h at room temperature. After incubation each set was subjected to siderophore production [15]. Effect of different amino acids on siderophore production To study the effect of different amino acid on siderophore production the succinic acid medium was individually supplemented with 0.05 gm per 50 ml of cystein, lysine, threonine, tyrosine, and serine. Each set was separately inoculated with strain S-6 and S-26 and incubated. After incubation of 24 h each set was subjected to siderophore quantification [12]. Effect of nitrogen source on siderophore production To study the effect of different nitrogen source on siderophore production the succinic acid medium was individually supplemented with 1 gm/l of ammonium sulphate, urea. Each set was separately inoculated with strain S-6 and S-26 and incubated. After incubation of 24 h each set was subjected to siderophore quantification [13]. Influence of iron on siderophore production In order to determined threshold level of iron at which siderophore biosynthesis repressed in organisms under study. Both the cultures were grown in the medium supplemented with 0-100 uM of iron. Reports showed increase in growth of Pseudomonas with increase in FeCl3 concentration revealing that presence of FeCl3 is vital for its growth [6]. Pot trials and measurement of biometric parameters of Glycine max L Two isolates were selected on basis of their high siderophore producing activity for pot study. The plant chosen was Glycine max L and cultures designated as S-6 and S-26 were used. Soybean seeds were soaked in 0.02% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min and washed five times with sterilized distilled water. Seeds were coated with 1% CMC as adhesive. Then seeds were treated with bacterial strain for 30 min. seeds were sown in each earthen pot filled with sterile sandy loam soil and watered regularly. For each treatment, three such pots were maintained. Uninoculated seeds were sown in pot served as control. After 30 days of plant growth, plant were carefully uprooted from sand. Intact root system was carefully uprooted to prevent breakage. The plant growth promoting parameters such as root length, shoot length, fresh weight, , dry weight, number of leaves, number of lateral root and chlorophyll content were recorded [10]. Detection of iron in soil as well as in plant by using AAS (Atomic absorption spectroscopy) Atomic absorption spectrophotometer with following accessories; HVG (Hydride vapor generator) GFA (Graphic furnace Atomizer) was used to determine the concentration of iron in soil and plants [16]. Results and Discussion Isolation and Screening Thirty isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soil of agricultural fields located in semi arid regions of India from Rajasthan and Gujarat and screened on iron depleted succinic acid medium. CAS assay based on the color change (colored halo) around the microbial colonies from blue to orange after chelation of the bound iron by siderophores produced by isolates [17]. 16 out of 30 isolates were positive for the siderophore production. The positive isolates were S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4, S-5, S-6, S-7, S-17, S-21, S-23, S-24, S-25, S-26, S-28, S-29, and S-30. The zone diameter was measure around positive isolates on CAS agar plates (Table 1). Quantitative determination of bacterial siderophore All Positive rhizospheric bacterial isolates produced moderate reaction with the hydroxamate assay [7] while S-6 and S-26 which showed higher siderophore production (36.5 ug/ml. 33 ug/ml respectively) as compare with other bacterial strain (Figure 1). However, any isolate did not show catecholate [8] and carboxylate [9] type of siderophore. Identification The two isolates showing maximum siderophore production- S-6 and S-26 were identified based on 16S rRNA assay.They were Rhizobium and Enterobacter respectively. The sequence was submitted to NCBI and compared with related gene sequences under the accession number KF984469 and KF984470 respectively. Selected sequences were aligned in Bio-Edit. Phylogeny was examined by neighbour-joining dendrogram using MEGA softwar. Optimization of the conditions for maximum siderophore production Optimization of various parameters and development of media are the most important criteria for the overproduction of siderophore. Various physical and chemical factors have been known to affect the production of siderophore such as incubation time, pH, inoculum size, different sugars, different organic acids, different amino acid, different nitrogen sources, different concentration of iron. Interactions of this parameter were reported to have a significant influence on the production of the siderophore. Hence several cultural parameters were studied to optimize the siderophore production from S-6 and S-26. Effect of different incubation time on siderophore production For the optimization of incubation time for maximum siderophore production sample was harvested at interval of every 24 h, 28 h, 48 h, and 52 h and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 mins. Supernatant used for the siderophore production. The results obtained were shown in the graph for S-6, S-26 isolate (Figure 2). From the graph it was concluded that maximum siderophore production was observed at the end of 24 h and declined thereafter. However, overall trend of siderophore production level during time course study are similar in both the isolates. On the other hand in pseudomonas fluorescens the siderophore synthesis started after 12 h of incubation, which increased up to 28 h and declined thereafter [15]. Moreover, in case of strain MR-AI and WR-W2 highest accumulation of siderophore level was observed after 94 h of growth but both the strain demonstrate a significant decline in siderophore production level after 120 h of growth [18]. Effect of different pH on siderophore production pH plays an important role in  the solubility of iron  and thereby  availability  to the growing  organism in the medium. For that production media was set at different initial pH 4 to10 pH in  order to check the effect of pH on siderophore production by culture S-6 and S-26. The result  was shown in graph (Figure 3).

Compare and Contrast Federal and State Prisons

A penitentiary is an institution established and controlled by the government. The penitentiary system in the United Stated has as its primary goal of detaining, housing and punishing individuals who have been convicted of felony crimes. Up until the 19th century, prison systems were not common. The common jail dates back to ancient times, but was used to detain persons temporarily until he or she was found innocent, fined, or subjected to corporal punishment. Generally, corporal punishment was most often reserved for the lower classes, since those with means were able to most fines levied against them. Those crimes that were not deemed capital crimes were punishable by means of public whippings, maiming, or being shamed. Historically, there have been two types of prisons or penitentiary systems in the United States. The Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary systems form the basis are penitentiary systems in the United States. Although the two share some of the same principles, they differ in many respects and it is not surprising that supporters of each type believe strongly that his or her preferred system is the most desirable and best represents that which characterizes the penal system. Hattery, 2007) The Pennsylvania system was introduced into American society by the Quakers and is far and away the more conservative of the two penitentiary systems. The religious Quakers sought to replace the existing cruel methods of punishment that had been associated with corporal punishment with mandated yet productive labor intensive methods. Prior to the enlightened Quakers entry int o the penal system, criminals were abused at the hands of both formal and informal governments. Punishment included branding, mutilation, whipping and other harsh punishments. Under the Pennsylvania system, prisoners are housed in individual cells. Prisoners are required to engage in unpaid laborious service for as long as he or she is housed in the government run institution. Working hours are clearly defined and convicts are expected to comply with prison policy. While imprisoned, convicts are not allowable to interact with other prisoners and if they come into contact with others, they are not allowed to engage in conversation. Haslam, 2008) The New York system, which was implemented at Auburn, is similar to the Pennsylvania system but markedly differs in that prisoners are allowed to form bonds with other prisoners. Prisoners were afforded the opportunity to interact with each other while working and they were also allowed to eat meals together. Under this model, socialization and relationships were not seen as an enemy of punishment; instead, relationships and socializatio n were seen as that which was inevitable. Under the New York system, prisoners were assigned separate cells where they slept. Generally, this was the only form of isolation allowed under the New York system. Although there seemed to be less rigidity than that of the Pennsylvania system, rules were strictly enforced. (Haslam, 2008) During World War II, the United States created prisoner of war camps at the request of the British allies who were unable to house large number of captives. During this period, numerous prisoners of war who happened to be of German and Italian nationality were housed on American military bases and were forced to provide prison labor. The POWs were treated in much the same way as modern prisoners are treated. The Prisoners were required to work while being held on the military installation and were expected to adhere to all prison camp policies. Since World War II, the prison system in the United States has grown tremendously. A somewhat foreseeable result of this growth has been the evolution of prison labor. Prisoners throughout the country work in numerous manufacturing and service industries. The growth of prison labor in the United States has come under attack by both Americans and human rights advocates around the world. Many people argue that the United States is hypocritical because it denounces China’s use of prison labor while encouraging the privatization of prisons at home. (Hattery, 2007) Works Cited Haslam, J. (2008). Pits, Pendulums, and Penitentiaries: Reframing the Detained Subject. Texas Studies In Literature and Language, 268-284. Hattery, E. S. (2007). If We Build it They Will Come: Human Rights Violations and the Prison Industrial Complex 1 . Societies Without Borders 2, 273 –288.

Eurocrisis and Monetary&Fiscal Policy

The government will have to borrow from overseas or International Monetary Funds to pay for the differences between the import spending and export costs. The European Union lend to Greece 109 billion of euros to bailout (Foreleg and Walker, 2011, July 23). This is really a burden for a country and it may bring negative effects to the government policy and function, because the government will have to response the imbalance in both the government spending and policies. It is a real social cost. Meanwhile, the confidences of the foreign will be effect. They may care about the external imbalance in their partner country because it is related to their profits and stability.The external imbalance may make investors feel risky and then reduce the investment or charge more on the loans, which will make the imbalance worse. And for the country, it is really a risk because the economic imbalance has negative influences on many different factors, such as the value of the currency and the natio nal credit rating. Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain (PASS) face the decreasing of value of their credit rating. Now Greece is C and Portugal is B+ (Hawkers, 2012, January 14). Both of them are not optimistic. When government face recession they will consider increase public expenditure and cutting taxes to stimulate demand and decrease the unemployment rate (Quailing, Eastward and Holmes, 2009).However, in this case, the crisis countries have so many debts that make their government deficit large enough to do no actions. What they have to do is to austerity their fiscal policy to reduce the deficit. So Greece executes the 5 years plan to get loans. Comparing to other European countries, PASS are relatively falling behind. Their economies are more relied on labor force type of industry such as globalization, companies are seeking for cheaper labor forces; their advantages are no longer existed. If these countries do not adjust their industry structure, they will e much frag ile than now during the financial crisis. Also, the labor forces among European Union are also not liquid.Companies from different country have different tax system so their funds become bubbles. The theory of optimum currency area is based on labor mobility, price and wage flexibility as the preconditions. Also the mobility can instead of the floating of exchange rate. Euro zone creates a system that labor can move freely, however, because of the culture, language, welfare and social norms, the labor forces inside European Union cannot achieve completely liquid Robinson, 2008). Monetary Policy The central bank of Europe has set several targets to help to achieve and maintain the macro economic objectives. The main target is to keep the prices stable and achieve the low inflation level in the medium term.And it also set targets of maintaining financial system stability and improves the payments system. The purpose that the central bank of Europe sets these targets is to achieve the economic objectives, promoting the healthy growth of the whole economy (Paula, 2009). And the most common and effective measure used by it is the monetary policy. The central bank helps to achieve the macroeconomic objectives through meeting its targets, with using the monetary policy. Using the monetary policy, the central bank can change the interest rate to adjust the aggregate demand, and then help to achieve the macroeconomic objectives. When the inflation occurs, the central bank will carry out the cash rate target, bringing up the official interest rate.And then, the central bank will sell the government securities to commercial banks. The interest rate for cash will be increased, because the decrease of the cash supply. In order to maintain heir profits, financial institutions charges more rates on loans and so does the deposits. Therefore, the households and firms will borrow less and prefer to save money in the banks rather than spend quickly. It means that the aggregate d emand is reduced and so does the inflationary pressure. The reduction of demand brings the prices down, so domestic produced goods will have advantage in the prices in the international market. More export earnings will be got and the external balance will be achieved.In addition, the low prices may attract more foreign investors to invest, which will benefit to the long term economic growth and full employment. It means that although the higher interest rate will reduce the production and make people lose their Jobs in the short term, it could bring chances for the future development. The similar theory is suitable for the opposite condition. When the aggregate demand needs to be pulled up, the central bank will decrease the interest rate and encourage economic activities, stimulating the growth of the economy so European Central Bank decreased interest rate in December 2011 by 0. 25% to increase aggregate demand (European Central Bank, 2012).Also, European Union has the same monet ary policy but without the same fiscal policy (Brittany, Timelier, Bergsten, Exchanging and Meltzer, 2010). Government financial policy serves internal to increase economic growth and decrease the unemployment rate. Indeed, these two on the allocation efficiency, currency policy serves external to keep low inflation rate and the stable currency exchange rate (Hudson and Quailing, 2009). Currency system and government financial system are not unedited so the coordination is difficult. When European Union was founded, they do not consider the quitting system, so hen there come problems, the costs of negotiations are very high (Repack, 2010). It leads the problems to the Euro crisis.When one or two membership countries have problems with their economics, they only can discuss inside the meetings to solve the problems. Then the market will face the strong fluctuations, and these fluctuations also make the problems unsolved. The banks among Euro zone have other European Union countries' debts. This makes European banks' credit expansion crazily, and the management risks increase fast. Their ratio of total capital and Tier 1 capital is even Geiger than the banks in supreme crisis in the USA (Beg, 2009). Conclusion Overall, although investors are losing confidence with euros, the monetary policy keeps the Euro price stability at an acceptable range. MIFF also lend huge amount of euros to save the market.

Accounting Project Essays - Auditing, Financial Accounting, Audit

Accounting Project Essays - Auditing, Financial Accounting, Audit Accounting Project Accounting Project BAC 3AA Profile of an Accounting Department My interview with the accountant of Robin Hood Multifoods Inc. was one of the greatest interviews I have ever experienced. The person whom I interviewed was Mr. Jeff R. Scott. Jeff was a really nice person when I asked him questions. His desk was not as organized as I thought, because accountants are really organized. The reason is because he just got promoted from assistant controller to controller. As I asked him more and more questions, the answers that came back at me were pretty interesting. Jeff R. Scott is a Chartered Accountant acquired at the University of Western Ontario. His requirements of completing C.A. were a business degree, he had to join a C.A. firm also know as an article, and completing the C.A. exam. Skills included aptitude with numbers, relationships between numbers, algebra, and high-level thinking e.g. summarized data, interpreting what 3-4 pages means in 5-6 years. What might this job lead to? This job will most likely lead onto internal audit, managerial, and vice president of finance. How much influence does Jeff R. Scott have in the department/company? In his own words, Im in full control. I tell people what to do, whom to fire, whom to hire, what their salary should be. Why? Because Im the controller. He has leadership, teamwork. Does not really have a routine set for his staff, as long as the work is done. The working hours what the company refers to as flex-time. Hours of work for Jeff R. Scott is 7 a.m. 6 p.m. For the staff, it is 7 hours. The salary for Jeff R. Scott is between $90,000 - $120,000. Here are some extra information that I fount out. There are a total of 54 employees working in the accounting department (the represents the co-op employee). There are 2 at internal audit; 12 in accounts receivable and credit; 16 in operational; 9 in corporate (finance); 13 in information system (maintenance). Accounting is also divided into 2 branches, external auditors, and internal auditors. External auditors include treasury (corporate taxes), legal reporting, consolidations, and legal entry. Internal auditors include supporting the business, making financial decisions, and gross profit analysis.

Free Essays on Scarlet Letter- Romanticism

Romanticism is categorized as â€Å"a preference for simplicity and naturalness, a love of plain feelings and truth to common place reality, especially as found in natural scenes†. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an anti-transcendentalist and believed in the dark side of man, hence his dark romantic novel The Scarlet Letter. This allegorical novel depends heavily on symbol and character. The novel is chock full of symbolic dimension of images, characters, and descriptions. The Scarlet Letter defines the American Romanticist movement while using symbolic characters and places that give the book seemingly two different stories. The first story denotes the story going on in the book, including the characters. The other story has symbols that speak on morals, religious doctrine, and public mindset. Furthermore the novel can be defined as a romantic novel by analyzing the characters Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale for their overall purpose to the story and the symbolism. An important concept of romanticism includes a close connection to the earth and natural scenes. A large occurrence of this comes in the first chapter of the book. The chapter mentions a rose bush outside of the prison. The novel then goes on to outline the rosebush as a beautiful thing that rises out of a bad place. The rosebush symbolizes a beauty that can not be taken away, the human spirit, like that of Hawthorne himself and also of Hester. In addition the prison represents Puritan society, with all of its strict social and moral rules of conduct, and the rose bush symbolizes the individual, standing defiantly on their own, lively and strong, in spite of the society as a whole, against them. Hawthorne’s use of the rosebush implies that there may be an indestructible human impulse that can survive in people despite social order and natural rights. Another romantic nature symbol is the forest, which symbolizes both safe and evil aspects. An instance of the forest being e vil... Free Essays on Scarlet Letter- Romanticism Free Essays on Scarlet Letter- Romanticism Romanticism is categorized as â€Å"a preference for simplicity and naturalness, a love of plain feelings and truth to common place reality, especially as found in natural scenes†. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an anti-transcendentalist and believed in the dark side of man, hence his dark romantic novel The Scarlet Letter. This allegorical novel depends heavily on symbol and character. The novel is chock full of symbolic dimension of images, characters, and descriptions. The Scarlet Letter defines the American Romanticist movement while using symbolic characters and places that give the book seemingly two different stories. The first story denotes the story going on in the book, including the characters. The other story has symbols that speak on morals, religious doctrine, and public mindset. Furthermore the novel can be defined as a romantic novel by analyzing the characters Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale for their overall purpose to the story and the symbolism. An important concept of romanticism includes a close connection to the earth and natural scenes. A large occurrence of this comes in the first chapter of the book. The chapter mentions a rose bush outside of the prison. The novel then goes on to outline the rosebush as a beautiful thing that rises out of a bad place. The rosebush symbolizes a beauty that can not be taken away, the human spirit, like that of Hawthorne himself and also of Hester. In addition the prison represents Puritan society, with all of its strict social and moral rules of conduct, and the rose bush symbolizes the individual, standing defiantly on their own, lively and strong, in spite of the society as a whole, against them. Hawthorne’s use of the rosebush implies that there may be an indestructible human impulse that can survive in people despite social order and natural rights. Another romantic nature symbol is the forest, which symbolizes both safe and evil aspects. An instance of the forest being e vil...

Economics of the U.A.E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics of the U.A.E - Essay Example A regional trade bloc with important economic objectives including the eventual establishment of a common currency, the Gulf Cooperation Council is a regional actor in the Middle East with increasing political leverage and diplomatic sway. Initially created to further the economic integration of Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the Gulf Cooperation Council fosters a sense of Arab community within the Gulf context and represents Arab multilateralism in the region. This analysis aims to be in-depth and comprehensive and will conclude with a concise analysis of the means through which the Gulf Cooperation Council will help the economic development of the UAE in the next 15 years and discuss important regional issues including the dream of a unified currency for the Arab states of the Persian Gulf region. A regional trade bloc which includes some of the fastest growing economies in the world, the Gulf Cooperation Council was devised and implemented in 1981 under the auspices of a unified economic agreement which established a unique social and economic bond between the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region. The current six members of the GCC, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, were the original parties to the document creating the GCC and although expansion of this regional body may occur in the future, the membership of the GCC has remained unchanged for more than twenty seven years. During these years, the region has witnessed incredible growth, rising gross national product throughout the region and an undeniable boom in natural resources including oil and natural gas. The Gulf Cooperation Council was established as a multilateral organization almost thirty years ago with the intent of fostering economic and social integration among the Arab countries of the Gulf region.

Philip Morris USA v. Williams. Brief facts Case Study

Philip Morris USA v. Williams. Brief facts - Case Study Example At initial trial the jury awarded her $821,485.50 as compensatory damages and $79.5 million as punitive damages in the case. However, the trial court on an appeal reduced the amounts to $521,485.50 and $32 million respectively. On an reverse appeal the Oregon Court of Appeals reversed the trial courts decision and upheld the earlier amount awarded by the jury as compensation. The Supreme Court of United States granted certiorari in the case, vacated the Court of Appeals judgment and sent back the case to the same court of appeal to reconsider the amount of punitive damages awarded in the case. In particular Supreme Court referring to the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment declined to grant punitive damages to individuals who were not part of litigation. In a third appeal before the Supreme Court by Philips Morris the court remanded the case back for re-trial. The basic issues before the jury, trial court, court of appeal and the supreme court were varied. The Court had to decide that if compensatory and punitive damages are made out in the case and if they are maintainable and to be awarded then to what extent. Ans. The basic jurisdiction in this lied till the Court of Appeal in the state of Oregon. ... Ans. The case had been in the litigation process for ten years. 3. What is jurisdiction in relation to this case Ans. The basic jurisdiction in this lied till the Court of Appeal in the state of Oregon. The deceased and the plaintiff belonged to that state. After that on further appeal and review petitions the case was tried by the Supreme Court of United States. 4. What is the relationship between the court system, litigation process, and jurisdiction Ans. There is a threefold relationship between the court system, litigation process and jurisdiction. If we take the example of the present case then we see that the deceased and the Plaintiff(his wife) lived in the State of Oregon, so the jurisdiction of the district court lied in there case. Jurisdiction is of three types. Personal, Territorial and Subject matter. In this case the territorial jurisdiction was made out. The Court system is divided according to the jurisdiction of a State. First it's the trial Court of the State, then the Court of Appeal and further it can also be Supreme Court. The litigation process is said to be started from the trial Court and can go up to Supreme Court till the final decision has not been arrived at. References www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/03/AR2008120303377.html

Sexism - Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexism - Social work - Essay Example Religious writings the date back two thousand years ago illustrate how women were thought to be of no essence. 1 Timothy 2:16 â€Å" I permit no woman to teach or have authority over men. She is to keep silent.† Thus, the term sexism has been far more associated with discrimination against females. When society began to depict the roles of men as heads of nations and kingdoms, pioneers of expeditions and discoveries, brave heroes of war, engineers of technology and infrastructure, great thinkers and philosophers, etc., it unconsciously instilled prejudicial thoughts -- that there exists an inferior gender, the female gender. In the years to come, the â€Å"battle of the sexes† would not be limited to the male and female genders but to the transsexuals as well. (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 2007) The rise of the feminist movement which began in the late 19th century of the western society was a result of years of suppressed freedom, restlessness, frustration and oppression. As women were labeled by men as the â€Å"weaker sex,† they were denied access to education, suffrage, political representation, employment and equality under the law. The clamor for change and equality became a resounding battle cry of the feminist movement. They protested about double standards dictated upon by society in which, they argued, were exclusively favorable to men. It is not surprising then how the movement has evolved through modern times. When once their sole purpose was focused on creating equal opportunity for women, they became hungry for dominance and authority by suppressing men and propagating negative views about them and thus, have become instigators of sexism as well. Transsexuals are also victims of sexism. They have been openly criticized as having gender identity disorders which are psychological in nature. They are often the recipients of verbal abuse and have been labeled as fags,

Investments Essay Example for Free

Investments Essay Checking account is a type of investment to manage personal finances that has both advantages and disadvantages. The primary advantages of checking are to save fees charged by storefronts that offer check cashing services and easy accessibility to funds by writing on checks compared to carrying cash. The disadvantages of checking accounts are overdraft fees when the balance is less than the maintaining balance and less security than ATM cards since it only requires a signature. Money market account offers advantages to account holders to hold emergency funds and money for periodic payments. A higher rate of interest is also offered compared to other types of accounts. Its disadvantages are limited transactions to only 3 deposits and 3 withdrawals every month; potential investment loss since only $250,000 is insured by FDIC; unguaranteed interest rate due to fluctuation; risk of spontaneous spending due to easy accessibility; and risk of withdrawing funds leading to a minimum balance especially when the account is tied to a checking account. Passbook savings account offers the advantages of safety as covered by U. S. federal government insurance companies (FDIC and NCUSIF); immediate access to funds based on the needs of the account holder; and it offers a fairly small interest. Its disadvantages are the limitation on federal insurance of a maximum of $250,000 coverage and the lowest interest rate of passbook accounts compared to all types of savings account. The interest also is subjected to tax returns for the depositor. Certificate of deposits additionally has advantages and disadvantages. It offers flexibility of the terms starting at three months up to five years or more. It means the longer the term, the higher interest rate the depositor will receive at the end of the term. Another advantage is the grace period it offers. Depositors are given commonly a seven-day period to come to a decision whether to extend the term or not. Its disadvantages are the interest rate is fixed, penalty fees when the deposit is withdrawn before maturity date, and automatic rollover when the depositor missed to make a decision on or before the grace period.

Zero Tolerance Essay -- School System Education Discipline Essays

Zero Tolerance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many disciplinary actions that have been used and are still in use in order to deal with problems in the school system today. However, it seems that zero tolerance is now the most widely used and most controversial policy that has came into effect. Zero tolerance means absolutely no mercy for students when accused of doing something wrong. This policy leaves no room at all for error. These cases are not judged for their individual qualities. They are all treated the same regardless of the circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When zero tolerance is thought of, it seems like a very practical way of dealing with the problems that we face everyday in the school system. However, we then have to ask ourselves if it is fair to give all â€Å"offenders† of a crime the same punishment without looking at the circumstances of each case. There have been many cases of zero tolerance use that shows just how unfair this policy is. An example of the misuse of zero tolerance is this; a student was kicked out of school for writing a paper that involved guns. This paper said nothing about harming anyone but the student was still kicked out. Is this to say that by having the word â€Å"gun† in my paper that I will be kicked out of school too?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zero Tolerance has a very good literal appeal. Parents and some students alike are happy to have this disciplinary action. However, zero tolerance would not have stopped the school shootings that have recently plagued the country. A recent po...

Southern Gothic Fiction

Sean Tinsley Eng 151C-33 3/08/2013 Southern Gothic Fiction is a genre of literature unique to the American south. Major influences of the genre itself were the culture, religion, and economic standing of the south at the beginning of the 20th century. Many who read southern gothic are transported into a grotesque fantasy world where ideas of death, good versus bad, and god are all prevalent. Many American authors were greatly influenced by the ideas of southern gothic literature such as â€Å"Harper Lee, Flannery O’Connor†¦William Faulkner, Truman Capote, and to a lesser extent, Eudora Welty. (jenksps. org) The culture of the south is riddled with strong beliefs in different sects of Christianity; mainly Presbyterians and Baptists with a passionate group of Evangelicals as well. Because God plays a large role in most southern gothic literature, the idea of morality is also of huge importance. Many protagonists will be juxtaposed by a moral less antagonist; usually the ep itome of evil. Along with that comes the idea of a crumbling landscape; desolate almost. I believe this represents how the south was struggling economically at the time due to the crumbling of the antebellum era. jenksps. org) For this essay, I chose to analyze â€Å"This Is the Only Time I’ll Tell It† by Doris Betts. This story hits all the main topics of southern gothic literature; the idea of death or the grotesque, the concept of good versus bad, and God as well. The concept of good versus evil drives the overall moral of the short story â€Å"This Is the Only Time I’ll Tell It†. In fact, this theme provides the first instance of conflict. The narrator, a man by the last name of Coney, describes to the reader a woman, Zelene, who noticed a disturbance at the Jamison household.Upon further investigation she noticed Tom Jamison trying to drown his nine month old baby girl. Fortunately, she saved the baby and â€Å"when she had brought back breath and s creams, Zelene opened her clothes and fixed that naked baby flat against her naked breasts and†¦ran yelling into my store. †(Christ Haunted Landscape, 232) Shortly thereafter, Zelene grabs one of Mr. Coley’s axes of his shelf and simply states, â€Å"I’m going back and kill him[Tom Jamison]. †(Christ Haunted Landscape, 233) Mr.Coley made no objection to her claim, and when she didn’t find him, he noted the other 20 townspeople who â€Å"had been heard to declare it was a shame Zelene had not drove home her ax. †(Christ Haunted Landscape, 233) The interesting take on good versus evil shows itself in the characters’ response to unspeakable crime. All the townspeople were upset Tom Jamison hadn’t been brutally murdered. The attitude of the characters towards him, including Mr. Coley, fester inside them throughout the remainder of the story ultimately culminating in Mr.Coley killing Tom Jamison with an ax upon his return to the store; the irony being that it was inside the store when Zelene first said she would kill him. Because the justice for the unspeakable crime of attempted murder on a baby was carried out by a normal citizen, this speaks highly for the overall theme. Although other elements of southern gothic fiction are prevalent in â€Å"This Is the Only Time I’ll Tell It†, good versus evil, and, more importantly, how evil should be treated, is the engine that drives this story. God, the uniting or divisive factor in the south, also plays a huge role in the story.More importantly, the difference between what is deemed moral in God’s eyes, and what the characters perceive as justifiable sin. Mr. Coley mentions the town’s resistance to telling the truth about the next of kin. â€Å"But we had 37 lifetime Presbyterian mouths gone flat against their teeth until judgment day†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Christ Haunted Landscape, 233). The way a person believes in God is also important in this short story. For Mr. Coley, Baptists are a bit weaker than his people, Presbyterians. â€Å"My wife’s people, Baptists, are a lot more soft-headed; one of them would have read his Commandments wrong and weakened someday. (Christ Haunted Landscape, 233). There were many grotesque and macabre aspects of this short story as well. For example, the first point of conflict deals with the attempted murder of a nine month old baby. Secondly, the way Tom Jamison was murdered, brutally by ax, would churn most people’s stomachs. Also, a valid point could be made that Zelene is grotesque. She is described as â€Å"pitiable herself. She was 38, and built like a salt block. † (The Christ Haunted Landscape, 233). She was not entirely attractive, by any means, and she lived in relative squalor compared to the rest of the townspeople. This is The Only Time I’ll Tell It† is a perfect example of southern gothic literature. First of all, the overall theme of the story was good versus evil, and what should be done about it. Secondly, the aspect of what should be done with evil is related directly to the characters’ views on God, and the morals they’ve received from Him. Last but not least, it was overall creepy. To imagine a man trying to kill his nine month baby is enough to put fear into anyone’s heart. Although there are frightening parts to it, the story does a good job of making the reader ask themselves what they would do in Mr.Coley’s position. The answer to that problem also relates directly to the audience’s religious views. Whatever God they may believe in, good versus evil is always prevalent, and that is why this story connects with many people. So, what would you do? Would you strike a man down for a crime that happened over 16 years earlier? Could you? These questions create intrigue in the reader, which is why this short story is so popular today. http://www. jenksps. org/pages/uploaded_files /CAMPsouthern%20gothic%20elements. pdf The Christ Haunted Landscape

Walgreens structure

Walgreen has faced over the past two years are changing their brand and the process needed to make that change. We can see that Walgreen has made some good decisions over the years . This is evident by the fact that there are still many Walgreen stores across the country and they are continuing to build new ones every year. If we take a look into how they made such crucial decisions we will find them using good decision making techniques such as predetermination's evidence, and good old fashioned Intuition.The first element we can find within Walgreen decision making process Is rainstorm. We can see that before changing the brand from old to new the mangers In the higher ranks of the corporation all got together and started throwing out Ideas. They did some research and based upon fact they made educated guesses on what may work and what probably would not work. The managers of Walgreen TLD a fantastic Job with their research and brainstorming. Walgreen wanted to stand out among thei r competition so In order to do that they had to know what the competitor was doing.It seemed the competitor was not much different from Walgreen. This is where we see the brainstorming really become effective. The managers began to come up with ideas on how to make the stores an experience instead of just a cash and carry drugstore. They really used the tools of good decision making to begin the process of changing the brand for good. Second we can look at the gathering of evidence. Walgreen knew if they were to be different then they had to study their competition. The head honchos did their homework well.They gathered information from research and surveys and listened to the customer needs. They not only listened they decided to take a chance and build their new brand on the customer experience. Now we have seen a company go from a rational model of decision making and step into the new age. They admitted that old manager models were out dated and they were ready to step into a f resh new approach. It is interesting that we see them heading into a very modern direction but using old fashioned decision making techniques to arrive there.Walgreen management team took their job seriously by making sure they followed through with pouring over statistics and studying successful companies with different brands than their own to see what was giving them the success. They decided that it Just had to be the customer service levels and the approach. Surprisingly enough we can also see the big bosses at Walgreen using their Intuition to make the final decision on whether to change the brand or not. They are customers at other places and they take their family and friends out to eat and do different things.When out and about they kept track of what businesses were full and why. If they went out to eat and there was a two hour wait they would pay close attention to why. This process gave them the Intuition, or experience to know what or how a person wants to be treated wh en they are spending their money with a company. They brought their Intuition to the drawing room and along with good brainstorming and gathering of evidence, the management staff of Walgreen was able to make a good business decision.We sometimes see ethics compromised when decisions are made and Walgreen is not a when they admittedly failed to control the sales of controlled substances in a few of its pharmacies. The effects of this could have ruined the company but lucky for them they were able to pay a hefty fine and shut the door on what could have been an ethical disaster for them. It seems the Federal government agreed to dismiss the ease when the fines were paid.

Photo-Montage

Tips for Creating a Better Script for Video/Photo-Montage Although I am a writer, I am also a Voice Talent for webmercials, e-learning, and audiobooks. This week, I have been hired for a real-estate agencys web video, and find myself in a common situation: The person creating the script is not familiar with writing for this medium. Hence, I created a how-to, useful whether you are creating a video-trailer for your book or writing for a corporate website! * TIME (step one) Watchable time is 3 minutes, and most quick web pieces are less. Three two-minute pieces are better than one 6 minute piece; most people click away at 1.5 minutes. 200 words is around 1.5 minutes, so aim for 200-350 words. With that in mind, write down EVERYTHING that you think is important. Read aloud at a medium pace, and time it. Your written piece is probably five minutes. Now prioritize what you think is important, and write those concepts down in bullet form. Note if you like a certain tone (Cheery? Mellow? Dramatic? Authoritarian? Snarky?). * IMAGES (step two) Ask yourself: ==Do I have images for each of my bulleted ideas? Make a note next to your bullets of how many images you have for each and what they look like. Yes, you can write an image into more than one category- although you will not SHOW the image twice, writing it in two places gives you placement options. If there are ideas WITH NO IMAGES, then you need to get some OR decide to use written text (like â€Å"Comes in red as well†) OR save that idea for a later project. ==Do I have enough images for a whole sentence? This is a biggie. Watchable time for each image is 2-3 seconds. Lovely long compound sentences do not work, nor do sentences where the main object or verb is at the end of the sentence - people need to hear information that explains, modifies, colors what they are seeing. ==Which images are strong and should be first? I know it seems bass- ackwards to think about how it looks rather than what you want to say, but this is a visual medium first and foremost - your message is embedded in the images, not the other way around. ==What if I am having a video/photo professional create my images or use my existing images to decide which goes where? Highly recommended. HOWEVER, you should still have a notion of what KIND of images best show your idea and what kind of image might be a most-compelling initial visual! * SEQUENCE (step three) Start and end with the strongest images. Which ideas do they match on your bullet sheet? You may have to do some realigning of ideas and images, and that is okay. The strongest image/concept-clump is now first. What should come next? The second section is often a lesser point. In general, organize your sequence with main points separated * SCRIPT! (step four) Remember- SHORT AND SWEET. How can you talk about your ideas beautifully, dynamically and succinctly? Remember, each slide will only be 2 or 3 seconds and that your total time is 1.5 to 2.5 minutes. Now touch base with your visual artist (if you have one). As an expert in the visuals, s/he will tweak your concept to give the piece have your tone and tell an interesting story. * REVISIT/REVISE (final step) Your video-photo person will send you the piece for alterations. Send back your thoughts with any script changes, then wait for the final awesome project!!

Living By Number Essays

Living By Number Essays Living By Number Essay Living By Number Essay Living by Number Summary MarineCorp was the maritime solution provider for the SORIA group of companies. It had two subsidiaries which are Green Port Sdn Bhd and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd. Hafiz Hasyim is the person who is responsible to report financial performance in the company. He is one of the Boards which is CFO in organizational structure for the three companies. Besides, Vessel inspection and vetting was a major business of MarineCorp. MarineCorp also provide consulting services to SORIA and its related contractors that included those for newly built vessel for upstream and downstream il and gas operations. For Green Port, it major activities included pilotage and marine support, emergency response, port management and operations, navigational safety, and marine services to the Single Buoy Mooring facilities. Last but not least, Sungai Emas major activities included pilotage and marine support, emergency response, port management and operations, and navigational safety. Protagonist/ Decision maker Hafiz Hashim, the Chief Financial Officer of Marine Corp Sdn Bhd and responsible for the financial management of MarineCorp and its wholly-owned subsidiaries which re Green Port Sdn Bhd and Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd. Problem There are some problems that Hafiz face during this financial performance which is he in dilemma situation whether to approach economic earnings that has required by SORIA group, Value Based Management (VBM) or use profits as practised by the company(Marine Corp Sdn Bhd) and its subsidiaries to report financial performance. Also, the Chairman requested specifics action that can improve companys performance due to financial performance. Other problem faced by the protagonist is pressure from the General Manager of Green Port and also Marine Corp Sdn Bhd here they want to have better performance so they can get higher bonuses. GM Green Port, Anita Osman requested to amortise the dregging cost because Hafiz miscalculated them while GM Marine, Lee Chong Way refused to propose the dividend to the shareholders because of the cash already spend to fund investments. There are also certain accounting issues that arise that give pressure to solve it. The Major Issue The major issue occurred when there are two types of opinions that Hafiz has to consider. First is the opinion president of Suria Group so that Value Based Management (VBM) to be used for the SORIA Group and all its subsidiaries and associated companies. Secondly, for the current situation the MarineCorp and it subsidiaries are practicing profit base to measure the company performance. Besides, General Manager (6M) of Green Port requested to change dredging cost by amortizing it. Another issue occurred also in Marine Corp while the GM of the company refuse to propose dividend to their shareholders and use cash to generate interest income on fund investment. Case Exhibits From Appendix G it shows the companies NOPAT, Average Invested Capital and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and from these components the performance for each company can be measured. Under the VBM model, both economics earning for Sungai Emas and MarineCorp are positive which are 5,030,563 and 14,274,611 thus its shown that these company are creating value for their company. In the other hand, economic earning for Green Port is -14,588,232 (negative) and this indicates that value was destroyed for the company. Besides, under profit based the Green Port company shown the most profitable company compared to Sungai Emas and MarineCorp when the net profit after tax for the Green Port is the ighest among them. Question 1: Determine the economic earnings of the MarineCorp Sdn Bhd, Green Port Sdn Bhd and Sungai Emas Sdn Bhd. Because the president of SORIA wants to use the Value Based Management (VBM) system, the company would be measured by economics earnings. The table above show economic earnings for each company. Green Port will have negative economic earnings while the other two will have positive economic earnings. Positive economic earnings means that value was created for the company and investment should be done in this company because it provides higher return han the cost of capital. Negative economic earnings would mean than the value of company was destroyed and investment should be avoided from this company because it illustrate that the company failure to provide higher returns than the cost of capital. Question 2: Rank the companies in terms of their financial performance. Measurement Marine Corp Sungai Emas Green Ranking Economic profit Net profit after tax 5,841 ,524 2770,609 Profit margin 28. 89% 24. 03% 28. 46% Current ratio 2. 47 2. 96 1. 13 ROA 70. 57% 26. 94% 5. 56% Based on the Tablel . 1, we have decided that Marine Corp Sdn Bhd has the best inancial performance compare with others two subsidiaries; Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd and Green Port Sdn Bhd. Even Green Port has the larger profit based but actually the company has destroy value if we calculate with the Value Based Management (VBM) as requested by the group SORIA. The value was destroy maybe because of the net operating profit was include the higher dredging cost that has been spend which is the amount that General Manager Green Port, Anita Osman want to amortise the cost to ensure that the company gain profit. Moreover, the Green port also had inancial charges while the other two companies did not have financial charges. In fact, the amount for profit based and economic earnings is differ where the amount of profit decrease. In term of ratio, profit margin shows that Marine Corp is the higher percentage which 28. 89% and follow by Green Port. However, Sungai Emas Port has lower profit margin, 24. 3% but the company has higher current ratio where is means an indication of a companys ability to meet short-term debt obligations or the possibility the company can pay debts because of Sungai Emas Port has higher urrent assets and lower current liabilities. Green Port has the lower percentage to pay the debt only 1. 13. Return on Assets (ROA) tells an investor how much profit a company generated for each dollar of assets. The higher ROA, more investor want to invest in the company. So it gives good impressions to the company. Marine Corp has higher ROA with 70. 57% followed by Sungai Emas Port 26. 4% while Green Port only 5. 56%. Overall, Marine Corp Sdn Bhd has better financial performance compare to other companies even current ratio Sungai Emas is higher than Marine Corp but the different is not too large. Marine Corp still can pay the debt. Follow by Sungai Emas Port Sdn Bhd and lastly Green Port Sdn Bhd. Question 3: In your opinion, why are the General Managers Green Port Sdn Bhd and MarineCorp behaving in such manner? In my opinion the reasons why the General Manager of both MarineCorp and Green Port behaving in such manner are self interest and stakeholder perspective towards their company. First scenario is when Anita Osman who is the General Manager of Green Port asks Hafiz to change the dredging by amortizing it. Basically, amortization is a method of recovering (deducting) certain apital costs over a fixed period of time. It is similar to the straight line method of depreciation. According to Win Mark Business solution, the amortization only applies to expenses incurred after you decide to establish a particular business and before the business actually begins operation. It applies not to all expenses. Some of them such as advertising; salaries and wages paid to employees who are being trained; travel expenses incurred in lining up prospective distributors, suppliers, or customers; and salaries and fees paid or incurred for executives, consultants, or imilar professional services. It does not, however, apply to expenses that would not be deductible if incurred after you start the business. In this case, the dredging cost exists under this category. It cant be amortize when it has incurred. It will violate the accounting principle of prudent. Furthermore, the financial statement would not give a true and fair when the cost is understated because of the amortization. When Anita decided to amortize the dredging cost, the total expense would decrease. This condition will lead to the higher profit even though from the reality view it is not. When the profit is higher, thus the performance of the company is viewed as excellent. As the company performance is good, the bonuses for the General Manager which is Anita Osman would increase. In case of General Manager of Green Port, Lee Chong Way refuses to pay dividend to shareholder. In his point of view, generate interest income on fund investment is better than giving away dividend to shareholder. The reason is market analysts worldwide are ranking companies by looking at the profit of the company. Moreover, the investor will attract to invest in the company that having ability to generate higher profit. The higher the profit, it is mean the company is the top company. Besides, when the company is in excellent rank, the pleasure will be credit to Lee Chong Way who is the General Manager. The conclusion is the evaluation of general manager is based on the company performance. Question 4 What action can be taken to improve future performance of Marine Corp and its two subsidiaries? Prepare a report of your recommendations to be presented the chairman of the board. Based on analysis that we handle, it seems that company needs to improve their performance to sustain development in the future. It is due to poor management in handling economic earnings of the one of subsidiaries in the company. We would suggest some recommendation to the chairman, firstly; mission, vision and goal of a company would be the most important determination the establishment of the company. However the organization of the company (chairman) has to review back this goals, mission and vision and remind the entire organization so that they would not go far from the objectives and improve the performance of the company. Next, think strategically and identify key metrics. In fact, you cannot manage what you annot measure. It is important to recognize and having a very systematic plan for the next two, three, five and even ten year ahead in the future and how you will measure the performance. Besides, your company should create balance score card to your strategic performance. The Balanced Scorecard provided four frameworks that a company should be identified. There are financial, customers, innovation and growth and internal process. To summarize in easy to understand language: What are the key drivers of profit and performance from all the key areas of the organization? Long term profitability comes from understanding how key variables in the organization are interrelated. To increase long term profitability your company must determine what variables drive that performance. In addition, pay attention to best in class which is set up your benchmark. Even in a life of person, there should have a benchmark to make sure his life focus to achieve something. Same goes to a company. How do we stand up to the best in class? When benchmarking, as with the balanced scorecard, it is important to benchmark many facets of the company not just company profits and product performance. What are their customer service policies, product quality, and reward? Remember benchmarking is a fast track to high performance and profitability. This was Toyotas approach when they started. They are profitable enough that they could own the big 3 American motor companies. Moreover, the recommendations that can give to improve the companies is conduct research for example, when you need specific information and prospect that does not exist conduct your own primary research rather than copied others. When the company conduct the research, they can ensure the accuracy of their findings. In ddition, the companies should implement the SWOT analysis to measure their strength and weaknesses (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats). Other areas that need to be focus more is welfare of the employees where the manager has to meet employees welfare such SOCSO, EPF and others so that they can give fully commitment to doing their Job accordingly. By doing so, it can maintain professionalism and motivate labour forces. Besides, the companies should appoint employee that fulfil the requirement that have been set by the companies. It is because these employees are the key factor that will determine successful of the ompany. On the other hand, selections of best employees can avoid the company to have higher turnover. Furthermore, the company should focus on stakeholders retention because getting a new customers is five time more expensive than retaining a current one. So the company must provide better service to have customer satisfaction. In term of shareholders, the companies must delivering on advertising promises and develop return policy that with satisfied both parties for instance pay dividend to the shareholders. This situation might affect investment in the future as shareholders give their trust and confident to the company.

Political Party Ads - Who Pays for Them

Political Party Ads - Who Pays for Them Finding out who pays for political party ads in election season can be tricky. Candidates and committees who purchase political party ads on television and in print are required to disclose their identities. But often times those committees have vague names such as Americans for Prosperity or Americans for a Better Future. Understanding who contributes money to those committees so they can buy political ads is an important function of democracy because the ads play such a large role in elections. Are they conservative or liberal in political philosophy? Do they have a special interest or issue they are trying to influence? It is sometimes difficult to discern what a committees motives are just by watching or reading political ads. Who Pays for Political Party Ads Generally speaking, there are several types of groups that pay for political advertising. They are individual candidate election campaigns such as those for President Barack Obama or 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney; political parties such as the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee; and political action committees or super PACs funded by industries and special interests. Some of the largest special interests in American politics are abortion and gun-control opponents, energy companies and senior citizens. In recent years, though, super PACs have emerged has powerhouses in the electoral process. So have 527 groups and other organizations who seek to exploit weak disclosure laws and spend so-called dark money. How to Tell Who Pays for Political Ads It is easy to tell when an individual political candidate or political party buys airtime for ads. They will disclose their identities, often at the end of the ad. Typically, the wording is This ad was paid for by the committee to re-elect Barack Obama or I am Mitt Romney and I approved this message. Political action committees and super PACs are required to do the same, but they are not required to provide a list of major contributors or identify their special interests on the air. Such information is available only through the committees own websites or through Federal Election Commission records. Those records, called campaign finance reports, include details about how much a political candidate or political party is spending on political ads. Disclosure Controversy Political action committees and super PACs are required by law to list their contributors in disclosures filed regularly in Washington, D.C. Such information can shed light on whether those super PACs are conservative or liberal in nature. But some super PACs exploit a loophole in reporting laws not addressed in the legal case that led to their creation, Citizens United v. the FEC. Super PACs are permitted to accept contributions from nonprofit groups classified as 501[c][4] or social welfare organizations under the Internal Revenue Service tax code. The problem is that under that tax code, 501[c][4] groups are not required to disclose their own contributors. That means they can make contributions to super PACs in the name of the social welfare entity without having to disclose where they themselves got the money. Attempts to close that loophole in Congress have failed. Greater Transparency The Federal Communications Commission requires television stations that get paid to broadcast political ads to keep a record of who bought airtime. Those records are required to be made available for inspection to the public at the stations. The contracts show the which candidates, political committees or special interests are buying political ads, the length and target audience, how much they paid, and when the ads aired. Beginning in August 2012, the FCC also required television stations to post online all contracts with candidates, super PACs and other committees buying airtime for political ads. Those contracts are available at https://stations.fcc.gov.